At the conclusion of this program, attendees should be able to

• Describe the effect of neurohormones and the importance of the cardio-renal syndrome in ADHF.
• List current treatment options for managing patients with ADHF.
• List points to consider when designing and evaluating studies related to the safety and efficacy of treatments for ADHF.
• Identify the potential role of emerging agents for ADHF.
• Identify factors that contribute to the total cost of treating ADHF in an acute-care institution.
• List the benefits of developing and using critical care pathways for the treatment of ADHF.